Subject · France, administrative courts
Public health
In 2025, the French administrative courts issued 2,721 decisions on public health, that is 0.97% of the year's decisions (3% more than in 2024): 1,972 before the administrative tribunals, 366 before the administrative courts of appeal and 383 before the Conseil d'État. Before the administrative tribunals, 63% of the decisions dismiss the claim and the median time to judgment is 22 months.
- Decisions in 20252,721+3% over one year
- Share of administrative decisions0.97%out of 279,322 decisions in 2025
- Dismissed at first instance63%decisions with a stated outcome
- Median time at first instance22 monthsfrom filing to judgment
Decisions year by year
This chart follows, year by year, the number of decisions issued on public health at each level of the administrative courts, and the share they represent among all decisions. This volume measures judicial output and is not the same as the number of cases filed in the same year: a case may be decided months, or even years, after it was filed.
The number of decisions on public health went from 2,793 in 2023 to 2,721 in 2025. This subject accounts for 0.97% of all administrative court decisions in 2025 (1.1% in 2024). It accounts for 0.81% of the decisions of the administrative tribunals, 1.3% of the decisions of the courts of appeal and 5.1% of the decisions of the Conseil d'État.
- Administrative tribunals
- Administrative courts of appeal
- Conseil d'État
| Year | Administrative tribunals | Administrative courts of appeal | Conseil d'État | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2,119 | 368 | 306 | 2,793 | 1.1% |
| 2024 | 1,942 | 396 | 312 | 2,650 | 1.1% |
| 2025 | 1,972 | 366 | 383 | 2,721 | 0.97% |
Series start in 2023, the first full year in which the administrative tribunals and courts of appeal published their decisions. Share: that of the subject among all decisions of the year.
The courts concerned
The table lists the courts that issued at least one decision on public health in 2025. For each of them it gives the number of decisions and the share the subject represents among all its decisions, then, where the number of decisions allows it, the dismissal rate and the median time to judgment. Each court links to its own page.
In 2025, 38 administrative tribunals, 9 administrative courts of appeal and the Conseil d'État issued at least one decision on public health. Among the administrative tribunals, the Tribunal administratif de Paris (250 decisions), the Tribunal administratif de Lyon (110) and the Tribunal administratif de Marseille (94) issued the largest numbers; together they account for 23% of the tribunals' decisions on this subject. Among the courts of appeal, the Cour administrative d'appel de Paris issued the largest number (80).
Share of caseload: share of the subject among all the decisions of the court. Dismissal rate not computed below 200 decisions of the court on the subject; median time: judgments only, excluding orders, not computed below 200 judgments. Below 200 decisions in the year, a court only has its number of decisions.
See also Justice in France: all courts
Time to judgment
Time to judgment is the time between the filing of the application and the judgment. It is summarised by the median: half of the cases are decided faster, the other half more slowly. For public health, times are shown for each court level, with the quartiles and the spread of judgments over bands of duration, provided the level has at least 200 judgments in the year.
In 2025, an administrative tribunal judgment on public health comes a median of 22 months after filing: a quarter of the cases are decided in less than 8 months, a quarter wait more than 30 months. This median was 23 months in 2024. This median time is above the median of all subjects before the administrative tribunals (7 months). Before the administrative courts of appeal, the median time is 18 months (as in 2024). Before the Conseil d'État, the median time is 7 months (as in 2024).
- Administrative tribunals22 monthsmedian time
- Administrative courts of appeal18 monthsmedian time
- Conseil d'État7 monthsmedian time
| Level | Judgments | First quartile | Median time | Third quartile |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Administrative tribunals | 1,389 | 7 months | 22 months | 30 months |
| Administrative courts of appeal | 348 | 14 months | 18 months | 25 months |
| Conseil d'État | 361 | 4 months | 7 months | 12 months |
See also Tribunal administratif de Paris Tribunal administratif de Lyon times for each court
Judgments only, excluding orders (summary proceedings), counted from the first application filed, in completed months. Time not computed for a court level below 200 judgments in the year.
Outcome of the cases
The outcome sums up what the decision does: the claim is dismissed, it is granted in whole or in part, or the case ends without the court having to rule on the merits. On appeal and in cassation, a dismissal leaves the contested decision in place, whether the appeal came from the individual or from the public body: the dismissal rate alone does not say who wins the case. For public health, the breakdown is given for each court level.
Before the administrative tribunals, 63% of the decisions on public health with a stated outcome dismiss the claim, against 57% for all subjects together, and the dismissal rate is up 3 points compared with 2024. The contested act is annulled or the claim granted in 27% of the decisions; withdrawals and “no need to rule” decisions, which end the case without a ruling on the merits, account for 7%. The dismissal rate is 65% before the administrative courts of appeal and 68% before the Conseil d'État.
- Administrative tribunals
- Administrative courts of appeal
- Conseil d'État
- Dismissed
- Annulled or granted
- No need to rule
- Withdrawn
- Referred or transferred
- Suspension
| Outcome | Administrative tribunals | Administrative courts of appeal | Conseil d'État |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dismissed | 1,149 (63%) | 227 (65%) | 249 (68%) |
| Annulled or granted | 501 (27%) | 109 (31%) | 108 (29%) |
| No need to rule | 32 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 6 (2%) |
| Withdrawn | 95 (5%) | 4 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Referred or transferred | 52 (3%) | 4 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
| Suspension | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1%) |
| Decisions with a stated outcome | 1,829 | 348 | 368 |
Decisions with a stated and classified outcome, excluding interim decisions (expert report, investigation). For each court level, the breakdown is given from 200 decisions in the year; below that, it is not shown.
The other subjects
The decisions of the administrative courts are divided here into 16 categories, one of which is “other matters”, according to the legal texts cited in each decision. The table gives the volume of the other categories in 2025; each row links to its page.
In 2025, the administrative courts issued 279,322 decisions, divided among 16 categories; public health accounts for 2,721 (0.97%). The categories with the most decisions, apart from “other matters”, are immigration (111,932), tax (11,968), housing (11,393) and social welfare (10,925). Among the subjects with at least 1,000 decisions before the administrative tribunals, the median time ranges from 3 months for immigration to 27 months for tax.
| Subject | Decisions 2025 | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immigration | 111,932 | 40% | +9% |
| Tax | 11,968 | 4.3% | +2% |
| Housing | 11,393 | 4.1% | −22% |
| Social welfare | 10,925 | 3.9% | −5% |
| Civil service | 10,831 | 3.9% | −2% |
| Planning and building permits | 7,808 | 2.8% | −24% |
| Local authorities and public property | 5,234 | 1.9% | +24% |
| Driving licences | 4,809 | 1.7% | +15% |
| Employment law | 3,547 | 1.3% | +18% |
| Environment and agriculture | 2,333 | 0.84% | −22% |
| Education | 2,332 | 0.83% | −28% |
| Policing | 1,999 | 0.72% | 0% |
| Public procurement | 1,926 | 0.69% | +7% |
| Elections | 178 | 0.06% | −32% |
| Other matters | 89,386 | 32% | +39% |
Subject determined from the legal texts cited in each decision; “other matters” groups decisions without a characteristic text.
See also Justice in France
Understanding these figures
Institutions, professionals and public health measures
This subject rests on the Public Health Code: liability of public hospitals and compensation for harm linked to care, authorisations to open pharmacies and health facilities, the practice of health professions, and public health measures such as vaccination or hygiene.
Public hospitals and professional bodies
The administrative judge hears disputes involving public health institutions, such as hospital centres; disputes with a private practitioner or a private clinic fall to the ordinary courts. Disciplinary decisions of professional bodies are challenged in cassation before the Conseil d'État.
Why the median
The median is preferred to the average: a few cases lasting several years are enough to inflate an average, while they barely move the median. Times are counted in completed months, from the filing of the application to the judgment; orders issued by a single judge, in particular in summary proceedings, are left out. For public health, it is 22 months before the administrative tribunals in 2025: half of the cases there are decided faster, half more slowly.
Outcome families
Outcomes are grouped into families. Dismissal covers claims found unfounded, inadmissible or brought before the wrong court. “Annulled or granted” brings together the decisions that find for the applicant in whole or in part: annulment of an act, amendment of a judgment, an injunction addressed to the public body. “No need to rule” means that the dispute lost its purpose during the proceedings, “withdrawn” that the applicant dropped the claim, and a referral sends the case to another court. For public health, the administrative tribunals dismissed 63% of the claims and annulled or granted 27% in 2025, among the decisions with a stated outcome.
Reading the figures with care
These figures describe past decisions. A decision is attached to a subject from the legal texts it cites: a case that touches several fields is counted in only one of them. The dismissal rate and the times depend first on the nature of the cases decided, so two subjects, like two courts that do not receive the same disputes, cannot be compared point by point. No statistic can predict the outcome of a particular case. Here, this subject accounts for 0.97% of the decisions of the administrative courts in 2025.
Frequently asked questions
How many administrative court decisions concern public health?
In 2025, the administrative courts published 2,721 decisions on public health, that is 0.97% of all decisions of the year (3% more than in 2024): 1,972 by the administrative tribunals; 366 by the courts of appeal; 383 by the Conseil d'État.
What share of cases on public health is dismissed by the administrative tribunals?
In 2025, 63% of the administrative tribunal decisions on public health with a stated outcome were dismissals, against 57% for all subjects together; 27% of the decisions annulled the contested act or granted the claim in whole or in part. Before the courts of appeal, the dismissal rate is 65%. Before the Conseil d'État, the dismissal rate is 68%.
How long does an administrative tribunal take to decide a case on public health?
In 2025, the median time from filing to judgment is 22 months before the administrative tribunals: a quarter of the cases are decided in less than 8 months and a quarter after more than 30 months. It is 18 months before the administrative courts of appeal. It is 7 months before the Conseil d'État. These times exclude orders.
Which courts issue the most decisions on public health?
Among the administrative tribunals, the Tribunal administratif de Paris (250 decisions in 2025), the Tribunal administratif de Lyon (110) and the Tribunal administratif de Marseille (94) issued the largest numbers. Among the courts of appeal, the Cour administrative d'appel de Paris issued 80.